SUGAR

By EMMA ROSS, AP Medical Writer

LONDON – People should get no more than 10 percent of their calories from sugar, experts say in a major new report Monday on how to stem the global epidemic of obesity-linked diseases.

The study is the most significant in more than a decade on what the world should be doing about its diet. Although concerns about sugar intake are not new, very few experts have recommended a specific limit.

The food industry immediately decried the document, insisting more exercise is the key to ending obesity.

The report was commissioned by two U.N. agencies, the World Health Organization (news – web sites) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (news – web sites), and compiled by a panel of 30 international experts.
The experts say heart disease, diabetes and other diseases that can be caused by poor diet and lack of exercise are no longer just the preserve of the Western world.

The report underlines what doctors have been saying for years – that along with regular exercise, a diet low in fatty, sugary and salty food is key to staying healthy.

The experts recommend one hour of daily exercise, double the amount recommended by the U.S. government but the same as that endorsed by other establishments.

And their recommendations on how much fat, grains, protein, salt and fruits and vegetables people should eat also were in line with prevailing opinion.
But when it came to sugar, their advice was some of the boldest yet.
The experts said people should restrict their consumption of added sugar – including sugar from honey, syrups and fruit juices – to below 10 percent of calories.

In the United States, which leads the world in obesity, the government’s Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise only that sugar should be used in moderation. The Institute of Medicine (news – web sites), part of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (news – web sites), recommended in September that sugar could make up to 25 percent of calories.

“There are very few international recommendations on sugar. There are countries that are trying to develop recommendations on sugar, but every time they introduce them, the pressure from industry-led groups is very high,” said Derek Yach, chief of non-communicable diseases at the World Health Organization.

Philip James, chairman of the International Obesity Task Force and one of the scientists on the panel, said the report presents the food industry with one of its biggest challenges.

“Despite all the attempts so far to increase the provision of healthier choices over the last 10 or more years, obesity rates have accelerated,” he said. “The food industry must now sit down with WHO and others to work out how to seriously address this issue and become part of the solution rather than remaining part of the problem.”

Rapid changes in diets and lifestyles resulting from industrialization, urbanization, economic development and global food trade have accelerated during the last decade, the report said.

That has meant improved standards of living in poorer countries, but also has led to inappropriate shifts in eating and exercise patterns and a corresponding increase in diet-related chronic diseases, the experts found.

Scientists predict that heart disease will be the leading cause of death in developing countries by the end of the decade. Obesity rates are also increasing more rapidly in developing countries than in rich nations, and two-thirds of the people with type 2 diabetes – the type related to bad eating and exercise habits – live in the developing world.

The U.S. National Soft Drink Association said that a 10 percent limit on sugar should not be part of the plan.

“A thorough review of scientific literature on the subject of obesity shows there is no association between sugar consumption and obesity,” said Richard Adamson, the association’s vice president of scientific and technical affairs.
“Study after study shows that restricting foods or food ingredients won’t work. In fact, it can create a ‘forbidden fruit syndrome’ that causes individuals to gain weight,” Adamson said. “Together, we need to educate people about consuming all foods and beverages in moderation and getting more active.”
The Grocery Manufacturers of America, the world’s largest association of food, beverage and consumer product companies, also objected to the targeting of sugar. It maintained that all foods can be part of a healthy diet when eaten in moderation and combined with the right amount of physical activity.

Starting next week, WHO officials will be meeting health authorities from around the world to discuss how governments plan to respond to the recommendations. A similar meeting is planned with food industry officials in May. __

On the Net:

World Health Organization: http://www.who.int